HttpMessageConverter
HttpMessageConverter,报文信息转换器,将请求报文转换为Java对象,或将Java对象转换为响应报文
HttpMessageConverter提供了两个注解和两个类型:@RequestBody,@ResponseBody,RequestEntity,
ResponseEntity
1、@RequestBody
@RequestBody可以获取请求体,需要在控制器方法设置一个形参,使用@RequestBody进行标识,当前请求的请求体就会为当前注解所标识的形参赋值
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| <form th:action="@{/testRequestBody}" method="post"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br> <input type="submit"> </form> 12345 @RequestMapping("/testRequestBody") public String testRequestBody(@RequestBody String requestBody){ System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestBody); return "success"; }
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输出结果:
requestBody:username=admin&password=123456
2、RequestEntity
RequestEntity封装请求报文的一种类型,需要在控制器方法的形参中设置该类型的形参,当前请求的请求报文就会赋值给该形参,可以通过getHeaders()获取请求头信息,通过getBody()获取请求体信息
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| @RequestMapping("/testRequestEntity") public String testRequestEntity(RequestEntity<String> requestEntity){ System.out.println("requestHeader:"+requestEntity.getHeaders()); System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestEntity.getBody()); return "success"; }
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输出结果:
requestHeader:[host:“localhost:8080”, connection:“keep-alive”, content-length:“27”, cache-control:“max-age=0”, sec-ch-ua:”” Not A;Brand”;v=“99”, “Chromium”;v=“90”, “Google Chrome”;v=“90””, sec-ch-ua-mobile:”?0”, upgrade-insecure-requests:“1”, origin:“http://localhost:8080”, user-agent:“Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36”]
requestBody:username=admin&password=123
3、@ResponseBody
@ResponseBody用于标识一个控制器方法,可以将该方法的返回值直接作为响应报文的响应体响应到浏览器
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| @RequestMapping("/testResponseBody") @ResponseBody public String testResponseBody(){ return "success"; }
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结果:浏览器页面显示success
4、SpringMVC处理json
@ResponseBody处理json的步骤:
a>导入jackson的依赖
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| <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.12.1</version> </dependency>
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b>在SpringMVC的核心配置文件中开启mvc的注解驱动,此时在HandlerAdaptor中会自动装配一个消息转换器:MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter,可以将响应到浏览器的Java对象转换为Json格式的字符串
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| <mvc:annotation-driven />
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c>在处理器方法上使用@ResponseBody注解进行标识
d>将Java对象直接作为控制器方法的返回值返回,就会自动转换为Json格式的字符串
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| @RequestMapping("/testResponseUser") @ResponseBody public User testResponseUser(){ return new User(1001,"admin","123456",23,"男"); }
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浏览器的页面中展示的结果:
{“id”:1001,“username”:“admin”,“password”:“123456”,“age”:23,“sex”:“男”}
5、SpringMVC处理ajax
a>请求超链接:
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| <div id="app"> <a th:href="@{/testAjax}" @click="testAjax">testAjax</a><br> </div>
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b>通过vue和axios处理点击事件:
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| <script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}"></script> <script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/axios.min.js}"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var vue = new Vue({ el:"#app", methods:{ testAjax:function (event) { axios({ method:"post", url:event.target.href, params:{ username:"admin", password:"123456" } }).then(function (response) { alert(response.data); }); event.preventDefault(); } } }); </script>
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c>控制器方法:
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| @RequestMapping("/testAjax") @ResponseBody public String testAjax(String username, String password){ System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password); return "hello,ajax"; }
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6、@RestController注解
@RestController注解是springMVC提供的一个复合注解,标识在控制器的类上,就相当于为类添加了@Controller注解,并且为其中的每个方法添加了@ResponseBody注解
7、ResponseEntity
ResponseEntity用于控制器方法的返回值类型,该控制器方法的返回值就是响应到浏览器的响应报文
文件上传和下载
1、文件下载
使用ResponseEntity实现下载文件的功能
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| @RequestMapping("/testDown") public ResponseEntity<byte[]> testResponseEntity(HttpSession session) throws IOException { ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext(); String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/img/1.jpg"); InputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath); byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()]; is.read(bytes); MultiValueMap<String, String> headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=1.jpg"); HttpStatus statusCode = HttpStatus.OK; ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, headers, statusCode); is.close(); return responseEntity; }
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2、文件上传
文件上传要求form表单的请求方式必须为post,并且添加属性enctype=“multipart/form-data”
SpringMVC中将上传的文件封装到MultipartFile对象中,通过此对象可以获取文件相关信息
上传步骤:
a>添加依赖:
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| <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency>
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b>在SpringMVC的配置文件中添加配置:
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| <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean>
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c>控制器方法:
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| @RequestMapping("/testUp") public String testUp(MultipartFile photo, HttpSession session) throws IOException { String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename(); String hzName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".")); fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + hzName; ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext(); String photoPath = servletContext.getRealPath("photo"); File file = new File(photoPath); if(!file.exists()){ file.mkdir(); } String finalPath = photoPath + File.separator + fileName; photo.transferTo(new File(finalPath)); return "success"; }
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